Tag: Carruthers DNA
Protected: CLAN CARRUTHERS- CARRUTHERS DNA PROJECT Carruthers
CLAN CARRUTHERS-THE CARRUTHERS SCOTTISH ROYAL BLOOD LINE
CLAN CARRUTHERS INT SOCIETY CCIS PROMPTUS ET FIDELIS
The Carruthers Scottish Royal Blood Line
Back in the 1980’s there was a group of Carrothers family historian who mainly lived in California who worked very hard and took many trips to find that the Carruthers were of the Royal Blood line in Scotland. Other Carruthers family history cousins, were negative about it, or just nay- sayers. Usually when people put someone’s findings down, it is because they do not understand how to do it.
What we did was prove what they had already known through DNA. This could not have been done without the 15 year Carruthers DNA Project that was one of the first family or Clan projects ever done. Their findings were the jumping board for this CTS DNA project. It also could not have been done without the help of the Ewald Clan, Elliott Clan, The Bruce Clan, The Smith Family Project and many others.
You may remember, or you have received DNA numbers or data finding as, S 44-47, L-22, or the M-253 data that a lot of Carruthers have gotten. In the world of DNA, these tests are antiquated. Genealogy has gotten so good, mainly thanks to the Church of Latter-Day Saints, that you can tell what region your family is from. Of course, there is always the exception to that statement, as in adoption.
The sequence of DNA to this date, because this may be antiquated in another year, that is important for you is CTS 11603. This is the number for the one gene, or genome that every Carruthers has. Our CTS number can be verified with genealogy to approximately 1000 BC. The Carruthers Clan Int Society LLC, has taken it back to 28 BC.
To go back farther than 1000 BC, you need to go to different types of testing’s, and those tests are usually handled by epidemiologist. Their DNA equipment handles a lot of the forensic or archeological findings, and they can place our DNA back either 34,000 or 75,000 years depending on the different companies that do the testing,
We worked with a genetic genealogist and historian in London, England. Several years ago, a program was started to find and test artifacts throughout the United Kingdom. This is why you see so many “diggings going on in those areas”. At present England has the most archeological DNA data than any other country,
In 2018 we got permission from the genetic genealogist and historian we used, to present our findings at the Clan Carruthers 2018 Clan Gathering. Anyone who attended that seminar was given 6 months to ask either of them any questions they had.
Now, almost one year later we can present the findings to all of you.
Many of us have heard the storied from our grandparents or aunts and uncles. We heard how the Carruthers in California had matched us to Scottish Royal Blood through genealogy, now we have a DNA genome that is shared by Scottish Royals. All the following ancestors have been matched with the CTS11603. They all carry the Carruthers gene.
We will follow up with information about each one.
S47-44 Kenneth I Mac Alpine King of the Picts
BIRTH 810 • Iona,Argyleshire, Scotland
DEATH 13 FEB 859 • Forteviot, Perthshire, Scotland
CTS Causantin mac Cinaeda King Walter Constantine I King of Picts, King of Scotland
BIRTH 836 • Iona, Argyll,, Scotland
DEATH 12 SEPT 877 • Dollar, Scotland
Wife of Causantin: BCarr S47-44 and CTS Sabhdh Ingen Griogar
BIRTH 840 • Ireland
DEATH 882 • Inverness-shire, Scotland
BC11351 Donald II (Domnall Mac Cansantin) MacAbin
BIRTH 862 • Forres, Moray, Fordoun, Kincardineshire, Scotland
DEATH 900 • Ulurn, Moray, Fordoun, Kincardineshire, Scotland
S47-44 Malcolm I (Máel Coluim mac Domnaill) MacAbin King of Scotland
BIRTH 897 • Fordoun, Kincardineshire, Scotland
DEATH 954 • Fordoun or Ulrim
S47-44 Kenneth II (Cinaed mac Mael-Coluim) MacAlpin King of Scotland
BIRTH 932 • Scotland
DEATH 25 MAR 1005 • Monzievaird, Perthshire, Scotland
CTS Malcolm II “The Destroyer” MacKenneth – MacAlpin (Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich (High King of Scotland)
BIRTH 05 OCT 958 • Atholl, Perth, Scotland
DEATH 25 NOV 1034 • Murdered by his nobles at Glamis Castle, Forfarshire, Argus, Scotland
Father of Bethoc ingen Mail Coluim meic Cinaeda, Beatrix
CTS Bethoc ingen Mail Coluim meic Cinaeda, Beatrix
BIRTH 01 AUG 984 • Athol, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland
DEATH 15 SEP 1049 • Slain at Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland
Wife of: Crinan I ‘The Thane’ Lord of the Isles de Dunkeld (Abbot of Dunkeld) De Moramaer
BIRTH 0975 • Atholl, Perthshire, Schotland
DEATH 1045 • Dunkeld, Perthshire, Schotland
CTS Duncan I ‘the Gracious’ mac Donachadh Abthan King of Scotland
BIRTH 1001 • Perthshire, Scotland
DEATH 14 AUGUST 1040 • Burghead, Grampian, Schotland
CTS Malcolm III (“Long Neck” Canmore King of Scotland) MacDonnchada Canmore, Dunkheld King of Scotland
BIRTH 26 MAR 1031 • Blair Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland
DEATH 13 NOV 1093 • Malcolms Cross, Killed in battle whilst besieging Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, by the English King of, Scotland
CTS St David I Canmore Maccrinan Ruler of Lothian Cambria, King of Scotland
BIRTH 1073 • Edinburgh, Midlothian, Huntingdonshire, Scotland
DEATH 24 MAY 1153 • Carlisle
CTS Henry Mac Crinan Dunkeld de Hintingdon, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon, King of Scotland
19 Nov 1114 Dunfermline, Scotland
12 Jun 1152 Kelso, Roxburgshire, Scotland
CTS Uilleam Carm mac Eanric De Cairrhythya Caenmore, King William of Scotland
1143 Huntindfonshire, Northumbria, Scotland
4 Dec 1214 Stirling Castle, Scotland
CTS Uilleam Roibeard Cairrhythya nic William
1185 Huntingdonshire, Northumbria, Scotland
1245
We are now listed in the British Nobility, Barons Gentry of the United Kingdom, and we will publish the complete list.
This is just the beginning. We have so much more data and history to share with you.
Preserving Our Past, Recording Our Present, Informing Our Future
Ancient and Honorable Carruthers Clan Int Society CCIS LLC
carruthersclan1@gmail.com
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Disclaimer Ancient and Honorable Carruthers Clan International Society CCIS LLC is the official and registered Clan of the Carruthers Family. This Clan is presently registered in the United States and Canada, and represents members worldwide. All content provided on our web pages is for family history use only. The CCIS is the legal owner of all websites, and makes no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of any information on these sites or by following any link provided. The CCIS will not be responsible for any errors or omissions or availability of any information. The CCIS will not be liable for any losses, injuries, or damages from the display or use of this information. We do not sell, trade or transfer to outside parties any personal identifications. For your convenience, we may provide links to various outside parties that may be of interest to you. The content on CCIS is design to support your research in family history. ( CCIS -LLC copyright 2017 - 2020)
Which Haplogroup is the Carruthers?
What is the geographic and historic origin of the Carruthers Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroup?
The following descriptions provide brief overviews of each haplogroup’s origin and geographic distribution.
Haplogroup A
Haplogroup A is the first Y-chromosome lineage to diverge, from which all Y-branches are descended. Haplogroup A is restricted to Africa, where it is present in several populations at low frequency but is most commonly found in populations of the Koi and the San tribes of Southern Africa. Early sub-branches of A have been found in central Africa.
Haplogroup B
Haplogroup B is one of the oldest Y-chromosome lineages in humans. Haplogroup B is found almost exclusively in Africa. This lineage was likely the first to disperse around Africa approximately 90-130 thousand years ago. Haplogroup B appears at low frequency all around Africa but is at its highest frequency in Pygmy populations.
Haplogroup C
Haplogroup C is found throughout mainland Asia, the south Pacific, New Guinea, Australia, and at low frequencies in Native American populations.
Haplogroup D
Haplogroup D evolved in Asia. This Haplogroup was later displaced from much of Asia by other colonizing groups but is still present at intermediate frequencies in the aboriginal Japanese and on the Tibetan plateau. It is also found at low frequencies in Mongolian populations and the Altais people of central Asia.
Haplogroup E
Haplogroup E is an African lineage. It is currently believed that this haplogroup dispersed south from northern Africa with the Bantu agricultural expansion. E is also the most common lineage among African Americans. It is a diverse haplogroup with many branches and is found distributed throughout Africa today. It is also found at a very low frequency in North Africa and the Middle East.
Haplogroup F
Haplogroup F is the parent haplogroup of branches G through T. F lineages are extremely rare and are distributed in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Future work will better resolve the distribution and historical characteristics of this haplogroup.
Haplogroup G
Haplogroup G was the first branch of Haplogroup F outside of Africa. G is found mostly in the north central Middle East and the Caucasus, with smaller numbers around the Mediterranean and eastward. Haplogroup G represents one of the first peoples in Europe.
Haplogroup H
Haplogroup H is nearly completely restricted to India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan.
Haplogroup I
Haplogroup I dates to 63,000 years ago or older. This haplogroup is found throughout Europe, although some branches may be present in low frequencies in Northeast Africa, Central Siberia, the Near East, and the Caucasus regions. Haplogroup I represents one of the first peoples in Europe.
Haplogroup J
Haplogroup J is found at highest frequencies in the Middle East, west of the Zagros Mountains in Iran to the Mediterranean Sea, and encompassing the entire Arabian Peninsula. It is also found in north African populations where it has been carried by Middle Eastern traders into Europe, central Asia, India, and Pakistan.
The Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH) lineage as well as the presumed lineage of the Prophet Mohammed are found in Haplogroup J-M267.
Haplogroup K
The K lineage is presently found at low frequencies in Africa, Asia, and in the south Pacific. One descendent line of this lineage is restricted to aboriginal Australians while another is found at low frequency in southern Europe, Northern Africa, and the Middle East.
Haplogroup L
Haplogroup L is found primarily in India and Sri Lanka and has also spread into several Middle Eastern populations (Turks, Saudis, and Pakistanis). It is also found at very low frequencies in Europe.
Haplogroup M
Haplogroup M is completely confined to the South Pacific. It most probably originated in Melanesia and then spread into Indonesia, Micronesia, and New Guinea.
Haplogroup N
Haplogroup N is distributed throughout Northern Eurasia and Siberia. It is the most common Y-chromosome type in Uralic speakers (Finns and Native Siberians). It is also found in Mongolia.
Haplogroup O
Haplogroup O is a branch of the mega-haplogroup K. O originated about 35,000 years ago in Asia. Its branches have spread into Central and East Asia. O has around thirty known subclades.
Haplogroup P
Haplogroup P is an extremely rare haplogroup at this time. It is the ancestral line to haplogroups Q and T. It is found at low frequency in India, Pakistan, and central Asia.
Haplogroup Q
Haplogroup Q is the lineage that links Asia and the Americas. This lineage is found in North and Central Asian populations as well as native Americans. Among European populations, haplogroup Q is most frequently found in Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. This lineage is believed to have originated in Central Asia and migrated through the Altai/Baikal region of northern Eurasia into the Americas.
Haplogroup Q-M3 is the only lineage strictly associated with native American populations. This haplogroup is defined by the presence of the M3 mutation which occurred on the Q lineage 8-12 thousand years ago as the migration into the Americas was underway.
Haplogroup R
Haplogroup R originated in Central Asia. Most descendants belong to one of two major lineages. They are present at low frequencies across Central Asia, South Asia, and Europe. Haplogroup R-M173 possibly originated in eastern Europe and then migrated eastward into Asia.
Haplogroup S
Haplogroup S-M230 is an Oceanic lineage and is found primarily in populations in Papau New Guinea with lower frequencies in Melanisia and Indonesia.
Haplogroup T
Haplogroup T is presently found in southern Europe, Northern Africa, and the Middle East. President Thomas Jefferson, formerly of Wales, was Haplogroup T. Gene by Gene LTD.
Did you figure it out?
Preserving Our Past, Recording Our Present, Informing Our Future
Ancient and Honorable Carruthers Clan Int Society LLC
carruthersclan1@gmail.com
Disclaimer Ancient and Honorable Carruthers Clan International Society CCIS LLC is the official and registered Clan of the Carruthers Family. This Clan is presently registered in the United States and Canada, and represents members worldwide. All content provided on our web pages is for family history use only. The CCIS is the legal owner of all websites, and makes no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of any information on these sites or by following any link provided. The CCIS will not be responsible for any errors or omissions or availability of any information. The CCIS will not be liable for any losses, injuries, or damages from the display or use of this information. We do not sell, trade or transfer to outside parties any personal identifications. For your convenience, we may provide links to various outside parties that may be of interest to you. The content on CCIS is design to support your research in family history. ( CCIS -LLC copyright 2017 - 2020)
What is Genetic Genealogy?
Carruthers Clan Int Society LLC Promptus Et Fidelis
What is Genetic Genealogy?
Genealogy is the study of family history and often involves building a family tree. Using DNA testing to research your family history is known as genetic genealogy, and it’s a great way of understanding your genetic heritage. The DNA tests most commonly used for genealogy come with tools to help you identify and connect with your living relatives, and features that facilitate the building of your family tree.
Depending on the type of DNA that you test (autosomal, Y DNA or mitochondrial), these so-called ‘Family Finder’ tools can identify whether the relatives you find are related to you on your mother or your father’s side of the family. Because of this, they can also be helpful for confirming relationships identified using traditional genealogical methods.
If you’re interested in studying your family history, genealogy DNA tests are a popular way of overcoming roadblocks in your family tree research. In addition, if you’re lucky enough to be related to another genealogy enthusiast, you might just be able to merge your family trees to reveal a huge swathe of family you never knew you had!
What is autosomal DNA and how is it used for genetic genealogy?
Autosomal DNA testing is one type of genetic analysis that can be used for genealogy research. These types of test analyze the DNA that is inherited from both parents, and which is organized into autosomes – a specific type of chromosome.
Although autosomal DNA can be used to find family, there’s no way to determine which autosomes or autosomal segments you’ve inherited from which parent. Therefore, it can be difficult to work out how to add these individuals to your family tree, if you’re not able to establish how you’re related to them using traditional methods.
Another important point to make is that half of your autosomal DNA is inherited from each parent, which is therefore a quarter from each grandparent, an eighth from each great-grandparent, and so on. Because of this, it becomes more difficult to accurately identify those relatives who share an ancestor with you according to your autosomal DNA the further back you go. It’s widely accepted that the living relatives identified by any Family Finder tools according to your autosomal DNA will not share an ancestor with you any further back than five generations ago.
Family Finder tools that use autosomal DNA
As discussed, Family Finder tools will match you with individuals who share sections of your DNA, providing those people are also customers of the same company that you’ve bought your DNA test from (e.g. 23andMe).
The proportion of DNA that you share with someone allows genealogy DNA testing companies to estimate the level to which you are related, ranging from sibling to distant cousin. These matches are usually listed in terms of how much DNA you share, with the closest relatives at the top and the most distantly related at the bottom. Most people will see a long list of matches when they first use a Family Finder tool, the majority of which are cousins.
For those who are specifically looking for their immediate biological family (e.g. adoptees), the Family Finder tool can serve as a way of connecting with those relatives. Something that’s important to be aware of is that the relatives you find may not be what you expect, and there is a chance that using this feature may reveal upsetting information for all involved. If you’re looking for immediate biological family and you think this might happen, we recommend you speak with a genetic counsellor first, who will be able to answer any questions you have about the testing process and what the implications may be.
It’s also worth noting that several of these matches will be fourth or even more distantly related cousins. You’re unlikely to share enough DNA with these ‘relatives’ to be able to link them to your family tree, but it may be interesting to see who you’re distantly related to and where in the world they live. Many genealogy DNA testing companies that offer a Family Finder service will allow you to change the threshold, meaning that you can filter out matches that are not close relatives.
How the Family Finder feature works
To compare the segments of autosomal DNA that you share with others in a database, companies will use several tools to interpret the basic raw data that they obtain from your DNA sample. This raw data won’t include the full sequence of your DNA, but a selection of relevant genetic markers – these are small differences in our genes that account for the genetic variation between humans, and they can be used to make conclusions about your ancestry.
The most common markers used are genetic variants (also known as SNPs). Most ancestry companies use specialized chips which allow them to look for between 600,000 and 1,000,000 genetic variants in your autosomal DNA, commonly finding about 100,000. These can then be compared with the variants possessed by other customers on their database, to calculate how closely you’re related to them.
In addition to helping you to find family, the genetic variants in your autosomal DNA can be used to provide you with information about your genetic ethnicity.
What is Y DNA and how is it used for genetic genealogy?
Another type of DNA that can be analyzed to research your genetic genealogy is Y DNA. This is the DNA that males inherit directly from their fathers and it can be used to trace back many generations of your paternal lineage. Women don’t possess this DNA, but can have a paternally related relative, such as a father or brother take the test for them. You can read more about the other features of Y DNA tests and how they work in our article: What is a Y DNA test?
Family Finder tools that use Y DNA
Family finder tools that use Y DNA are much less common than those that use autosomal DNA. One of the biggest providers of Y DNAtests is Family Tree DNA, and this is one of the few companies that run a Family Finder service based on Y DNA test results. Y DNAFamily Finder services will list the living relatives that have been identified on your father’s side of the family, by looking for shared sections of Y DNA, or according to your ‘paternal haplogroup’ – a group of individuals who all share a common paternal ancestor according to shared genetic markers.
Some companies (iGENEA and The Genealogist for example) resell Family Tree DNA’s tests, and not all resellers will give you full access to Family Tree DNA’s features (including their Family Finder service). Therefore, if this feature is important to you, you should buy directly from Family Tree DNA or check with the reseller first.
Family Finder tools that use Y DNA are slightly different to those using autosomal DNA. This is because living relatives will be identified according to a second type of genetic marker known as Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) instead of SNPs. Where SNPs are identified according to specialized chips (discussed above), STRs are revealed by using a combination of amplification, gel electrophoresis, and dyes/staining. For example, when taking a Y DNA test with Family Tree DNA, they’ll look for between 16 and 111 STR markers depending on the level of accuracy you’re looking for.
Just like a Family Finder tool that uses autosomal DNA, many genealogy DNA testing companies will allow you to change the matching threshold (in this case, the number of shared STRs in your Y DNA), meaning you can filter out individuals who are not close relatives, or view those who only share a very ancient ancestor with you.
Surname projects
Surname projects allow those with the same (or a similar) surname to communicate with each other and share Y DNA results. These projects are normally administered by volunteers, and they’re a great way to add to your family tree.
If you have a rare surname and you identify a distant relative who’s taken Y DNA test with a different company to you, a surname project will help you to compare your records to establish your relationship. Alternatively, you may have a popular surname and you’ve identified individuals who share it but who aren’t being matched to you according to your Y DNA. In these cases, a surname project will help you work out whether you should persevere in trying to match with these individuals genetically, or if it’s unlikely that you’re related to them and should focus elsewhere.
You may be surprised to find that not everyone within each group has exactly the same surname. They are all likely to share the same origins, but their families have probably adapted their surnames over time into many different variants. You may even be able to work together to discover the original version of your surname, as well as to learn more about your shared ancestors and origins. Family Tree DNA hosts many of these projects which number in the tens of thousands.
What is mitochondrial DNA and how is it used for genetic genealogy?
Mitochondrial DNA (aka mtDNA) testing is similar to Y DNA testing in terms of how it can be used to research your genealogy. The major difference is that mitochondrial DNA is passed directly from mother to child (of either gender) rather than from father to son. Both males and females inherit this DNA and therefore both genders can take this type of test to find out about their maternal lineage. You can read more about the other uses of mitochondrial tests in our article: What is a mitochondrial DNA test?
As with Y DNA tests, Family Tree DNA and some of its resellers are the only companies that offer a Family Finder feature to match relatives based on their mitochondrial DNA. As well as identifying living relatives according to the proportion of mitochondrial DNAthat is shared, matches are listed according to your ‘maternal haplogroup’. Similarly to paternal haplogroups, your maternal haplogroup is also designated on the basis of shared genetic markers.
What is traditional genealogy and how does it relate to genetic genealogy?
Those who have carried out any sort of traditional genealogy will know that it often involves trawling through records, including birth and death certificates, census records, newspaper clippings and more. The advantage of this sort of research is that it can give you a real insight into the lives that your family members led. However, traditional genealogy often turns up anomalies, and missing information and uncertainty is common.
Traditional and genetic genealogy research can often be used to complement each other to help you trace your ancestry. For example, reaching a dead-end while searching through census records may prompt you to test your mitochondrial DNA, and find a number of living relatives on your mother’s side of the family who hadn’t appeared in the census data. Conversely, if you find a 3rd cousin after taking a genealogy DNA test, you may not be able to place them on your family tree without identifying that person and their parents in the census records.
Combining traditional and genetic genealogy
Some DNA genealogy providers (MyHeritage and AncestryDNA for example), allow you to use their Family Finder service in combination with traditional genealogy. They maintain both a database of their customers according to DNA results, and hold a catalogue of birth, marriage and death records, newspaper articles, and other historical records that you can search.
To help you combine these different arms of genealogical research, many companies will make it easy for you to blend the two types of results together in their online interfaces. For example, AncestryDNA will let you build your family tree within their online interface, and after you’ve added what you know, you can incorporate the relatives you’ve found according to your DNA at the touch of a button. You can then look through the digitized historical records in AncestryDNA’s interface, and attach them to the individuals on your tree so far. AncestryDNA will then give you hints about other potential relatives that you can investigate, according to the blend of research you’ve already conducted.
Something to be aware of however, is that these companies often require you to pay a subscription fee for ongoing access to the historical records they hold, in addition to the cost of the genealogical DNA test!
Top tips for connecting with relatives
To get the most from your DNA genealogy test, whichever type of DNA you have tested, there are some dos and don’ts to be aware of in order to maximize the amount of genealogical information you can obtain. The main thing to keep in mind is that the more you’re willing to share, the more that the living relatives you identify will be willing to share with you. Making your profile as complete as possible, not just in terms of sharing your ancestry, is also a good way to encourage connections. Adding a picture and a bio will help to personalize your profile, and will make you more approachable.
Something else worth noting is that some of your matches may need a little time and consideration before deciding whether to share their personal information with you. Therefore, don’t worry if you don’t receive responses straight away, and try not to contact them more than a couple of times if they don’t respond!
Preserving the Past, Recording the Present, Informing the Future!
Ancient and Honorable Carruthers Clan Int Society LLC
carruthersclan1@gmail.com
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